Charts
Migration data in context.
These charts put the simulator's main inputs in context: NOM history, permanent program outcomes, citizenship conferrals, temporary visa stock, temporary skilled grants, skilled occupation mix, housing-relevant ANZSCO trade groups, and the export-income base behind international education.
NOM history
NOM responds sharply to visa settings, entry rules, labour demand, and student flows.
Visa and entry settings include rules that affect who can enter Australia and who stays long enough to count in NOM. The chart uses ABS financial-year data from 2004-05 to 2024-25. The orange line shows the number of people added through NOM. The blue line shows that flow as a share of Australia's estimated resident population.
NOM and NOM share of resident population
ABS annual financial years ending 30 June. Share uses Estimated Resident Population at 30 June as the denominator, not an annual citizen-count series.
NOM, people NOM / resident population
Permanent residents and citizenship
Permanent residence is the pipeline to future citizenship.
The permanent program admits people for long-term settlement. Citizenship conferrals show how many people formally became Australian citizens in a given year. The two flows are connected over time, but citizenship numbers are a lagged outcome of earlier migration decisions, eligibility rules, and personal choice.
Permanent program outcomes vs citizenship conferrals
The chart compares annual permanent program outcomes with citizenship conferrals. Conferrals usually reflect migration decisions made years earlier, after people meet residence and eligibility requirements.
Permanent program outcome Citizenship conferrals
Temporary visa stock
The temporary system is now a major migration pipeline.
Student, temporary graduate, and temporary skilled stocks are point-in-time counts of people in Australia. They are not NOM, and they are not permanent places, but they show the pools from which later skilled and permanent pathways can emerge.
Students, graduates, and temporary skilled holders
Home Affairs bp0019 temporary visa holder stock in Australia. Counts are point-in-time visa-holder stocks, not annual arrivals.
Student Temporary Graduate Temporary skilled
Temporary skilled stock versus skilled annual flows
The first bar is a stock count. The other bars are annual flows. The comparison is useful for scale, but it should not be read as a single common denominator.
Latest selected temporary visa stocks
The snapshot includes temporary visa holders and New Zealand Special Category visa holders physically in Australia at 30 April 2026.
Temporary skilled deep dive
Temporary skilled visas show where employers are already pulling.
The grants data is employer-sponsored temporary skilled flow, not permanent settlement. It is still useful because it reveals immediate labour-market demand by ANZSCO family before people may move into later visa pathways.
Temporary skilled primary grants in selected building trades
Home Affairs bp0014 Temporary Resident (Skilled) visas granted report. Occupation cuts use primary applicants only; 2025-26 data is year-to-date to 31 March 2026.
Site construction Building services Fabrication and fitters
Temporary skilled health grants: GPs, RMOs and registered nurses
The chart uses exact occupation for General Practitioners, keeps Resident Medical Officers separate, and groups Registered Nurses at ANZSCO unit-group level.
General practitioners Resident medical officers Registered nurses
Skilled occupation mix
The skilled stream is mostly professional, but the trade slice is real.
This uses 2024-25 Home Affairs occupation data for Skill-stream primary applicants. It is an analytical simplification, not an official blue-collar or STEM taxonomy.
Skill-stream primary applicants by occupation type
Home Affairs Permanent Migration Program outcome snapshot. Occupation detail is for Skill-stream primary applicants only. The wider Skill-stream outcome was 132,148 places including partners and dependants.
White-collar Blue-collar / trade Care / service STEM-linked Non-STEM / mixed Not specified
Blue-collar vs white-collar lens
A practical split by ANZSCO major group, with care/service and not-specified records kept separate.
White-collar / professional 72.2% 43,670 primary applicants. Managers, professionals, clerical/admin workers, and sales workers.
Blue-collar / trade 19.8% 12,000 primary applicants. Technicians and trades workers, machinery operators and drivers, and labourers.
Care / service 3.5% 2,091 primary applicants. Community and personal service workers, including care, police, and support roles.
Not specified 4.5% 2,713 primary applicants. Records where occupation was not specified in the source data.
STEM-linked vs non-STEM lens
A broad classification. Health and technical trades are included because they are central to skilled migration even though they do not fit a narrow STEM definition neatly.
STEM-linked, health and technical 54.2% 32,805 primary applicants. Broadly classified ICT, engineering, science, health, architecture/surveying, and technical trades.
Non-STEM or mixed 41.3% 24,956 primary applicants. Occupation groups outside that broad technical definition, including chefs, accountants, teachers, managers, and mixed service roles.
Not specified 4.5% 2,713 primary applicants. Records where occupation was not specified in the source data.
Narrative read
The public data gives people, not family units.
The known aggregate is 60,474 Skill-stream primary applicants and 71,674 secondary applicants. Those secondary applicants include partners, children, and other dependants, but the public table does not show how they are distributed across households. The scenarios below are arithmetic reads, not Home Affairs household counts.
Building trades
The housing-relevant skilled pipeline is small.
This chart uses four-digit ANZSCO unit groups: broad occupation families such as electricians, plumbers, carpenters and joiners, and structural steel and welding trades. That is the more stable basis for policy modelling than individual job-title codes.
Housing-relevant ANZSCO unit groups in the skilled program
Home Affairs Permanent Migration Program outcome snapshot. Counts are 2024-25 Skill-stream primary applicants only.
Site construction Building services Fabrication and fitters
Education exports
Education exports are sector income, not spend by each new arrival.
The baseline uses total 2024-25 export income divided by the active student stock. That gives an annual reference value of about $97k per active international student.
International education export income breakdown
Department of Education 2024-25 financial-year export income. The split separates tuition fees from goods and services spending.
Goods and services Tuition fees Source rounding